ʻO ka palekana o nā mea hana hale e lilo i mea nui i nā mea a pau.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana o ka uila, ua hana ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole hiki ke haki i ke kaapuni.Loaʻa iā lākou nā mea pale pale, nā mea hopu uila, nā mea ʻokoʻa o kēia manawa (RCD a i ʻole RCCB), nā mea pale voltage.Akā ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe a pau e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻano mea pale.I kēia manawa e haʻi mākou i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pale pale, nā mea hopu uila, ka pale leakage o kēia manawa, nā mea pale over-voltage.Manaʻolana hiki ke kōkua i nā mea a pau.

1. Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Surge Protector a me Air Break Switch

(1).Hoʻopaʻa hoʻomalu

ʻO ka Surge Protection Device (SPD), ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka uila uila" a me ka "hoʻopaʻa uila", ʻo ia ke kaupalena ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana i hana ʻia e ka ikaika transient over-voltage i nā kaapuni uila a me nā laina kamaʻilio e pale ai i nā mea hana.ʻO kāna kumu hana ʻo ia ke loaʻa koke ka over-voltage a i ʻole ka over-current i ka laina, e huli koke ka mea pale pale a hoʻokuʻu koke i ka piʻi ʻana o ka laina i ka lepo.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano mea pale ʻokoʻa i ʻelua ʻano: ka pale pale mana a me ka pale pale hōʻailona.
i.Hiki ke lilo i mea pale ho'i ka mana o ka pae mua, a i 'ole ka pae lua o ka mana, a i 'ole ke kolu o ka pae, a i 'ole ka pae 'ehā e like me ka mana like 'ole o ka mana like.
ii.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea pale hōʻailona hōʻailona i nā ʻāpana: nā mea hoʻomalu hōʻailona hōʻailona, ​​​​nā mea pale wikiō, ka nānā ʻana i nā mea pale ʻekolu-i-hoʻokahi, nā mea hoʻomalu hōʻailona hōʻailona, ​​​​nā pale pale hōʻailona antenna, etc.

(2)Keena o kēia manawa (RCB)

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo RCD i kēia manawa leakage switch a me Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB).Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e pale i nā lako mai nā hewa leakage a me nā haʻalulu uila pilikino me ka pōʻino make.Loaʻa iā ia nā hana palekana a me ka pōkole pōkole a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pale i ke kaapuni a i ʻole ke kaʻa mai ka overload a me ka pōkole pōkole.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaapuni ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.

Aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe no ka RCD, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Residual Current Circuit Breaker" e ʻike i ke koena o kēia manawa.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: detection element, intermediate amplifying mechanism a me actuator.

ʻElemu ʻike - ʻo kēia ʻāpana he mea like me ka mea hoʻololi o kēia manawa.ʻO ka mea nui he apo hao (coil) i wahī ʻia me nā uea, a hele nā ​​uea kūʻokoʻa a ola i loko o ka wili.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e nānā i ke ʻano o kēia manawa.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, aia kahi uea kūʻokoʻa a me kahi uea ola i loko o ka coil.ʻO ke kuhikuhi o kēia manawa i loko o nā uea ʻelua e kūʻē a like ka nui o kēia manawa.ʻO ka maʻamau ka huina o nā vectors ʻelua.Inā he leakage ma ke kaapuni, e kahe ana kekahi hapa o ke au.Inā hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike, ʻaʻole ʻole ka huina o nā vectors.Ke ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole 0 ka huina o nā vectors, e hāʻawi ka mea ʻike i kēia hōʻailona i ka loulou waena.

Mekani hoʻonui waena - ʻo ka loulou waena e loaʻa i ka amplifier, mea hoʻohālikelike a me ka hui huakaʻi.Ke loaʻa ka hōʻailona leakage mai ka mea ʻike maka, e hoʻonui ʻia ka loulou waena a hoʻouna ʻia i ka mea hana.

ʻO ka mīkini hana - ua haku ʻia kēia mīkini me kahi electromagnet a me kahi lever.Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka loulou waena i ka hōʻailona leakage, hoʻoikaika ʻia ka electromagnet e hoʻohua i ka mana magnetic, a ʻūlū ʻia ka lever i lalo e hoʻopau i ka hana kuʻi.

(3) Pale-voltage pale

ʻO ka mea pale overvoltage kahi mea uila pale e kaupalena ana i ka uila ma luna o ka volta a me ka hana overv-oltage.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e pale i ka insulation o nā mea uila e like me nā generators, transformers, vacuum switch, bus bars, motors, etc.

2. Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Surge Protector, RCB a me Overvoltage Protectors

(1) Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Surge Protector a me RCD

i. ʻO RCD kahi mea uila e hiki ke hoʻohui a hoʻopau i ke kaapuni nui.Loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka pale leakage (ke kino o ke kanaka i ka uila), ka pale o ka ukana (overload), a me ka pale kaapuni pōkole (kaapuni pōkole);

ii.ʻO ka hana o ka mea pale pale ka pale ʻana i ka uila.Ke loaʻa ka uila, pale ia i nā kaapuni a me nā mea uila.ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomalu i ka laina inā kōkua ia i ka pale.

Ke loaʻa kahi kaapuni pōkole a i ʻole ka leakage a i ʻole kahi kaapuni pōkole i ka honua i ke kaapuni (e like me ka wā i haki ai ke kaula, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke au), holo ʻokoʻa ʻo RCD e pale i ke ahi o ke kaapuni.Ke piʻi koke ka uila a i ʻole ka uila, hiki i ka pale pale ke pale i ke kaapuni e pale i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka laulā.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Surge protector he mea hopu uila i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.

(2) Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Surge Protector a me Over-voltage Protector

ʻOiai ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi hana pale over-voltage, pale ka pale pale i nā pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka uila kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe e ka uila.Mālama ka mea pale overvoltage i nā pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka uila a i ʻole ka uila uila nui.No laila, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ka over-voltage a me ka over-current i hana ʻia e ka uila ma mua o ka mea i hana ʻia e ka mana mana.

Mālama ʻo RCD i kēia manawa me ka ʻole o ka mana o ka volta.Hoʻohui i nā hana o ka pale ʻana a me ka pale over-voltage, hiki i kahi RCD ke pale i ke ʻano o kēia manawa a me ka volta i hiki iā ia ke pale i ka piʻi koke ʻana o ke au a me ka uila e hōʻeha i ke kanaka a me nā mea hana.